Secondary Sources Research Articles

The Influence of Leadership and Motivation on Employee Work Discipline at Fave Hotel Olo Padang

The study was undertaken to explore how leadership and motivation impact employee work discipline at Fave Hotel Padang. The primary objective is the investigation of the correlation between leadership, motivation, and work discipline. The research methodology employed was quantitative in nature. The data utilized in the study comprised both primary and secondary sources. The study's target population encompassed the staff of Fave Hotel Padang. A sample size of 30 employees was selected using a non-probability sampling technique. Data collection was facilitated through a questionnaire designed with a Likert scale, which was pretested for validity and reliability. The collected data were subjected to analysis using SPSS 25.00 software.The findings of the study revealed that leadership was classified as moderately satisfactory (46.67%). Furthermore, the motivational aspect was rated positively (80%), while the variable of work discipline garnered an agreeable response (76.67%). The influence exerted by leadership (X1) and motivation (X2) on work discipline (Y) was determined to be 24.1% and 75.9% respectively, with other factors contributing to the remaining impact. Further analysis unveiled that the leadership variable (X1) displayed a Beta or Standardized Coefficient value of 0.086, surpassing the threshold of 0, accompanied by a T-count value of (0.400) with a significance level of 0.002, lower than 0.05. Hence, it can be deduced that the leadership variable (X1) exhibits a significant and favorable impact on work discipline (Y). Similarly, the hypothesis stemming from the motivation segment of the research displayed a Beta or Standardized Coefficient value of 0.110, surpassing the threshold of 0, coupled with a calculated T-value of (0.511) at a significance level of 0.013, also less than 0.05. This underscores the fact that the motivational (X2) significantly and positively affects work discipline (Y).

The spectre of Ma Phyu? Loyalty, competence, and the spatial dynamics of imperial administration in colonial Burma

Abstract This article explores the spatial dynamics of imperial administration in colonial Burma through the lens of gender, bureaucracy, and frontier. Focusing on the story of Hugh Ernest McColl, a British administrative officer in Burma who struggled for promotion as a result of his marriage to a Burmese woman, the article sheds light on the spatial dynamics regarding loyalty, competence, and political priorities in the imperial administration of frontiers. Such spatial dynamics were most clearly manifested in the diverging attitudes between central authorities and local governments towards McColl’s case. Drawing on archival sources and secondary literature that contextualize McColl’s case within the broader textures of colonial governance, this article argues that McColl’s case reveals the internal contradiction of the imperial administration, which saw a constant tension between the ideological imperatives of control and the practical demands of how to control. McColl’s story is therefore a story of broader significance—of the inherent structural contradiction of colonial rule and its inability to overcome it.

Rescuing Hegel from Eurocentrism: Oriental Reconstructions of Hegel's Orient

Abstract Hegel's Eurocentrism has become something of an elephant in the room, too obvious to merit discussion. The secondary literature on Hegel often concedes that many of Hegel's comments about the Orient are misguided and uninformed, and then declares that such remarks are of no consequence to his philosophy. However, recently, some scholars have contended that Hegel's view of freedom is fundamentally connected to his negative vision of the Orient and Africa. For example, Alison Stone asserts that Hegel's idea of freedom is premised on his Eurocentrism and colonialism. Drawing on Peter Sahota's essay on Hegel and Hinduism, she argues that Hegel's idea of freedom as liberation from nature tends to exclude non-Western conceptions of freedom. If Stone's contention is true, there would be no way to, as she puts it, save Hegel from himself. I argue that we can move some way towards rescuing Hegel by noting how scholars from modern Asia incorporated some of Hegel's ideas to struggle against Eurocentrism. This essay will read Hegel's comments on the Orient in light of his larger philosophy and then examine how Japanese scholars, specifically Okakura Tenshin (1863–1913) construct what could be called a Hegel-inspired defense of the concept of Asia or the Orient. I claim that if one understands the excesses of Western life to be linked to a vision of freedom based merely on self-interest and pleasure, when scholars and activists from Asia question Western culture, they actually follow Hegel's insights. Okakura, who studied Hegel in college, rethought Asia as overcoming the abstract individualist freedom of the West and replacing it a more holistic, and partially, Hegelian form of freedom.

Land reform in the United States: Lost cause or simply a cause that has been lost?

In this commentary, I consider the topic of “land reform” in the United States, addressing the status of land reform as a key concept and goal among agrifood scholars, food/farm movements, and government actors. I do so in order to encourage sustainable food advocates to consider land reform’s importance, its social basis, and its challenges. Informed by secondary literature and my own thinking and doing over 20 years of food systems activism and research, I ask: Why isn’t land reform more prominent as a central objective? What dynamics keep land reform off the agenda of U.S. agrarian and food movements? What can previous histories of land reform agitation teach us? How can the elements necessary to advance toward land reform in the United States be built? I explore land reform’s lack with an eye especially to those explanations that open up potential avenues for action, in order to spark conversation on potential barriers to land reform efforts, and to suggest potential ways to overcome them. I discuss political-economic, ideological, and organizational barriers and emphasize the role of anticommunism in shaping today’s land politics among food and farming movements. It is hoped that the commentary offers researchers and practitioners actionable insights into the need for a land reform agenda, potential strategies toward a land reform agenda, and an honest assessment of the impediments to that agenda’s advance.

Global pharmaceutical care approaches to autism spectrum disorder: a scoping review protocol.

The aim of the review is to map the literary evidence on pharmaceutical care approaches and trends being seen globally in the treatment of the signs and symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is a neurodevelopmental condition synonymous with sliding-scale behavioral, communication, and social problems. Causes include genetic and environmental factors. Pharmaceuticals are prescribed to treat the behavioral patterns of ASD. This review will incorporate studies that report on the pharmaceutical care approaches used to treat the signs and symptoms of ASD as well as to identify the global trends related to their use. Studies not falling under the ASD umbrella will be excluded. All primary, secondary, and gray literature will be included. No language restrictions will be applied. Studies from January 1, 1984 will be included. This review will be conducted in line with the JBI methodology for scoping reviews and reported using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews. A preliminary search of MEDLINE will be followed by searches of Emcare (Ovid), Nursing and Allied Health Premium (ProQuest), and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts and extract data from selected sources. A third reviewer will adjudicate any conflicts until consensus is reached. The findings will be presented in a narrative summary with accompanying gap maps, figures, and tables. Open Science Framework https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/C234M.

The functional and psychological impact of delayed hip and knee arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 89,996 patients

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the impact of presurgical waiting times on pre-/post-operative joint specific pain and function, health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and perspectives of patients awaiting primary elective total hip (THR) and knee (TKR) replacements. MEDLINE, EMBASE, PUBMED, and CENTRAL databases were searched from inception until 30th January 2023 (CRD42022288128). Secondary literature and unpublished datasets containing paediatric, non-elective, partial, or revision replacement populations were excluded. PRISMA 2020 reporting and GRADE certainty of evidence guidelines were followed. Residual maximum likelihood meta-analysis and linear meta-regression was performed to elucidate the influence of presurgical waiting time. Twenty-six studies were eligible for systematic review and sixteen for meta-analysis, capturing 89,996 patients (60.6% female, mean age 67.4 years) between 2001 and 2022. A significant deterioration in joint function (mean difference (MD):0.0575%; 95% CI 0.0064, 0.1086; p = 0.028(4d.p.); I2 = 73.1%) and HRQOL (MD: 0.05%; 95% CI − 0.0001.0009; p = 0.011(4 d.p.); I2 = 80.6%) was identified per additional day of waiting. Despite qualitative evidence, meta-analysis could not observe a relationship with postoperative outcome data. Patient responses to delayed THR and TKR surgery were unanimously negative. Immediate action should seek to reduce the increased patient anxiety and significant reductions in pre-operative joint functionality and HRQOL associated with prolonged pre-surgical waiting time, whilst mitigating any potential deleterious post-operative effects.

“We know what we do”: an agency-structure analysis of political vigilantism in Ghana

Political vigilantism has come out as an offshoot of the violence that characterises multi party elections in Ghana. Several studies on political vigilantism give primacy to the role of structural factors in explaining the phenomenon in Ghana. However, such a notion deprives political vigilantes of any sense of agency and further evades how the understanding of the interaction between agency and structure can offer deeper insights into the phenomenon of political vigilantism. The paper argues that political vigilantes should be characterised as agents who can make decisions about the actions that they undertake and not solely determined by the constraints of structure. The actions of political vigilantes are mediated through social structures that shape the options available to them. Using purposive and snowball sampling techniques, 41 key informants were selected for the study in Accra, Kumasi and Tamale. The study employed both primary and secondary data sources. Whereas secondary data was sourced from desk reviews, primary data was collected through interviews and focus group discussions. The narratives were thematically analysed. The study findings show that members of political vigilante groups are conscious agents and for that matter decide and act either autonomously or relationally despite existing pressures from social structures. In addition, the paper shows that the exercise of agency among the vigilantes is inseparable from structure as the structure is reproduced and changed through the actions of the political vigilantes who in turn are shaped through the structures that they occupy. Therefore, policy responses to political violence should consider the two sides of the equation by working simultaneously on the behaviour of political actors and resolving the circumstances that facilitate political violence

Source genres in history writing

ABSTRACT Sources need categorisation to ensure that from an overabundance of material the most relevant sources are used. Commonly, the separation between tradition and relics, or between primary and secondary sources has been used for this and was taught in history courses as well as used in bibliographies of historiographies. The use of these categorizations, however, are at least since the cultural turn controversially discussed, and their significance is questioned. The need for categorizations for the ever-growing stock of sources available to historical researchers has, nonetheless, not diminished. This article discusses different approaches to source genres, how and why it matters if they are categorized as tradition, relic, primary or secondary source. Furthermore, suggestions are offered on how the cultural and social historian may preselect their sources, what it means to categorise sources for the research questions and the possible results, and what alternatives to approaching and selecting sources could look like. Based on a discussion of historiographical works on the later Stuart period, this article will show how source genres can be used to further historical research after the cultural turns.

Entanglement Detection: A Scoping Review

Quantum entanglement is a critical physical process in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. It is a required process in quantum computing, quantum teleportation, and quantum cryptography. Entanglement detection affects the performance of quantum information processing tasks. Entanglement detection has grown in popularity over the years, and various entanglement detection methods are available, though some have application and system scale limitations. This scoping review sought to identify various measurement methods for entanglement detection in both bipartite and multipartite entanglement systems. Secondary resource indexed literatures were selected based on specific keywords from literatures published between 2017 and 2021. The goal of this study is to present a proposed conceptual framework of entanglement detection based on previous work as a guidance and reference founded on one’s specific requirements.

Dynamics of Population and Land Use towards Sustainable Development in Patna Planning Area

Abstract: This study examines the impact of population growth on the land use pattern of Patna Planning Area, in the context of urban geography. Patna, the capital city of Bihar state in India, has experienced significant population growth over the past few decades, leading to changes in its land use pattern. The objectives of this research include analyzing the historical population growth trends in Patna, identifying the key factors that have contributed to this growth, and assessing its impact on land use. The study takes into account various factors such as residential, industrial, commercial, and agricultural land use, as well as the infrastructural developments associated with population growth. To achieve these objectives, both primary and secondary data sources are utilized. Primary data is collected through surveys, interviews, and observations, while secondary data is obtained from existing literature, government reports, and demographic databases. The findings of this study reveal that the population growth in Patna has led to a changing land use pattern. The expansion of residential areas and the conversion of agricultural land into residential and commercial zones are noted as significant transformations. Additionally, industrial growth has resulted in the emergence of new industrial zones and the conversion of agricultural land into industrial areas in the suburbs. Furthermore, it is observed that population growth has put pressure on infrastructure such as transportation, sewage and water supply systems, leading to the need for their expansion and development. This study highlights the need for urban planning and policies to accommodate the growing population while ensuring sustainable land use.

The role of metaphor in shamanism and poetry as a therapeutic tool for healing

This paper explores the healing power of metaphor in indigenous shamanism and contemporary poetry. It explores how metaphor bridges the landscape, communicates emotions, and advances healing across cultures and languages. Analyzing specific examples from diverse shamanic traditions and contemporary poems reveals shared themes and unique approaches to metaphorical usage. The paper presents glimpses of case studies from secondary data demonstrating symbolic identity's therapeutic value. It was found helpful in treating and managing anxiety and depression. Overall, this insight reflects the power of metaphor in facilitating self-knowledge, healing, and solidifying us. It also connects us to shared human experiences. The review paper uses comparative approaches to analyze cultural knowledge and explores how poets and shamans use metaphors in different cultural settings. The research objectives involve examining and collecting academic documents related to the topic from secondary sources. Thematic analysis structures and displays the gathered material in relevant areas. Shamanism and poetry use metaphors and promote healing and personal transformation. Both practices utilize metaphorical language to access and express emotional depths and navigate challenging experiences. Thus, that fosters individual and collective well-being. They have diverse cultural traditions and contemporary quests; however, there are shared themes and unique approaches to metaphor's therapeutic function.

Postmodernism: A Revolt Against Victorianism in Tess of the d’Urbervilles

Postmodernism embraces ambiguity, and challenges fixed meanings and universal truth. Tess of the d’Urbervilles represents the morality of the time. Tess of the d’Urbervilles can be read as a pointer to this problem. Hardy pleads, like the postmodernists, to employ more than one hermeneutic approach to decipher the meaning and purpose of Victorian morality. Hardy portrays Tess as a postmodern woman who rejects socially constructed values and truth in order to attack Victorian morality. Tess is more postmodern than Victorian in the sense that she opposes Victorian chastity and virginity as meta-narratives. Tess believes what she believes to be right or wrong, disregarding Victorian society and societal norms. Because postmodern theory is applied to the text, the proposed study is qualitative. The novel is the primary source of data collection. Secondary data sources include books and journal articles. Selected passages from the text are interpreted with a view to postmodern theory to address research questions. The research technique is interpretive content analysis.

A Preliminary Investigation into the Religious Profile of King Jitāmitramalla of Bhaktapur Through his Compositional and Scribal Works

Abstract This article aims to provide a preliminary investigation into the religious profile of a Malla-era Newar king, namely Jitāmitramalla (r. 1673–1696), by examining his scribal and compositional output. It does this by engaging with largely unstudied sources, chiefly (i) an unpublished poem written by King Jitāmitra known as the Siddhilakṣmīmantrayantroddhārastotra in which the monarch extols the goddess Siddhilakṣmī and lays out methods for her worship and (ii) the colophons of seven liturgical paddhatis copied by this king, which to my knowledge, are still undiscussed and untranslated in secondary literature. In doing so, we gain an insight into the King’s understanding of various aspects of his own religious identity, including his role as a tāntrika and his relationship with his chosen deities. The material studied will also uncover new information on the religious affiliations of the royal Bhaktapuri court and the medieval religious landscape of the Kathmandu Valley generally.

Livelihoods Transformation and Climate Change Adaptation of the Ethnic Minorities: A Case Study of the Khmer People in Binh Phuoc Province, Vietnam

Typhoons, floods, and droughts brought on by climate change in Vietnam have severely damaged the livelihoods of farmers, particularly those of the Khmer people in Binh Phuoc province. In the Khmer community, drought has resulted in widespread crop deaths and livestock without food sources for more than ten years. Using qualitative data sources from in-depth interviews and participant observations in the community at several times in 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023, the study aims to examine the Khmer community’s livelihood transformation to adapt to climate change. The findings show that, in response to extreme weather events, the community has changed crops from growing pepper and rice to drought-tolerant rubber, cashew, and fruit trees; they have also shifted their livestock from buffalo to goats and cows. Families with limited land for production have divided their resources to become workers and other secondary sources of income. This transformation shows how dynamically livelihoods are adapting to climate change while also helping the Khmer people become less vulnerable to weather-related shocks. The article also makes some suggestions for policy about the livelihoods of the Khmer people in relation to environmental challenges and climate change.

Nurses’ Roles in Caring for Older People in Domiciliary Settings: A Scoping Review Protocol

Due to global shifts in demographics and advances in chronic illness management over the past few decades, domiciliary care has become the primary setting for caring for older people. In this regard, nurses play a crucial role, promoting quality care and minimizing hospital admissions and the need for institutionalization. However, historical and geographic variation in nursing titles and the multitude of labels for different roles have been obstacles to the creation of a clear map outlining specific nursing roles in home care for older people. The aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence on the different nurses’ roles in caring for older people in domiciliary settings. This review will include primary, secondary, and gray literature on nurses’ roles in domiciliary settings for older people, sourced through comprehensive searches of various databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL) and reference scanning. No language restrictions will be applied. Two independent reviewers will conduct screening and data extraction. The tabulated results will be informed by descriptive frequencies and content analysis, presenting comprehensive findings. The review protocol was retrospectively registered within OSF database on the 23 November 2023.

The Role of Culture Power: Examining the Influence of Popular Culture in Shaping Global Power Dynamics

Establishing a causal link between popular culture and global power dynamics is challenging as it does not produce tangible outcomes. There is a lack of academic consensus on whether cultural power equates to soft power despite the growing influence of the media and entertainment industry. Considering popular culture a soft power in cultural diplomacy, this article examines the changing paradigms of content moderation and regional lockout in the global power dynamics through case studies of the Korean wave, American Pop culture, and Japanese Manga and Anime. It uses the Saunders Research Onion method with an interpretive approach to subjectively explore the aspects of cultural influence. Similarly, it analyses the evolution of recurring themes in the case studies. Data collection employs a longitudinal approach to study the impact of technology and changing audience preferences. The primary data sources include expert interviews, supplemented by secondary sources such as relevant literature, reports, and media contents. The findings highlight that cultural diplomacy as a softpower approach effectively contributes to the nation-branding concept that now incorporates new demands, actions, and goals.

Orality in a world of manuscripts: reconstructing Purāṇic composition, preservation and transmission on the basis of the Bhaviṣyapurāṇa

Since the invention of the Indian writing system around the third century BC, Sanskrit literature was no longer exclusively oral. However, not all genres immediately adopted the new possibilities. In order to fully understand the orality and writing of Sanskrit literature, I will first define a threefold division of what I call ‘the compositional complex’, the totality of processes involved in the creation of texts and their subsequent usages. The first stage is the composition of the text, the second is its preservation for the sake of future generations, and the third is its transmission to the audience. Each stage can be oral or written. After a brief discussion of secondary literature on the compositional complex of the Vedas, the Mahābhārata and the Purāṇas, I look for text-internal evidence for the compositional complex of Purāṇas in the Bhaviṣyapurāṇa, ‘the Purāṇa of the future’. On the basis of this single Purāṇa, it is possible to make a reconstruction of the composition, preservation, and transmission of Purāṇas, where orality and writing intertwine.

Between Stereotypes and Hermeneutic Quest

G. Jung’s alleged racism with regard to indigenous populations and, by extension, people of color and, specifically, Africans and native Americans, is much debated. The present contribution is based largely on Jung’s writings, some of which are unpublished. Jung’s considerationsoften deriving from his travels in North Africa and New Mexicoseem sometimes to imply the psychic inferiority of certain populations in comparison with the alleged civilized “white man.” To establish context, the essay cites passages from Jung’s published works (including his fear of “going black”), the discussion of the “racial question” among his contemporaries, and secondary literature. It then turns to statements from Jung’s unpublished manuscript “African Journey” (ca. 1925–26) for fresh insights into his views on his “primitive psychology.” On the one hand, Jung’s psychological approach failed to fully account for the social, economic, and historical aspects inherent to cultural differences. Moreover, he followed the widespread notion equating the primitive, the child, and the mentally ill. On the other hand, Jung’s understanding of “primitiveness” appears to be intrinsically linked to a critical approach to the alleged superiority of the “civilized man.” I argue that some passages from his unpublished manuscript “African Journey” demonstrate Jung’s conviction that the Western white man must recover a sense of the sacred and the experience of the numinosum, which the so-called primitive still retains. I discuss this complex and somewhat paradoxical view alongside an epistemologically problematic connotation inherent both to Jung’s empirical approach and his conception of the collective unconscious.

Mestizo Urbanism: Enduring Racial Intersections in Latin American Cities

Abstract Across Latin America, there continues to be strong resistance to the claim that racism plays a role in the production of urban space. Deemed antipatriotic, this issue remains widely unaddressed in urban planning and geography. Based on qualitative research in Bogotá and secondary literature on other Latin American cities, this article explores the afterlife of mestizaje (racial mixture) as a racial–colonial project from the viewpoint of its materialisation in the city and society–space relations. In particular, it illustrates how racism in the city is transfigured as ‘always something else’ (e.g., culture, class, regionalism, displacement) through a variety of normative, discursive and operational devices. Thus, the article confronts the need to divest from the racial hegemony of mestizaje in urban planning and geography, suggesting that it is hindering the path towards more equitable urban futures.

Integrating Student Reasoning and Mathematics in Instruction: A New Research Perspective

Traditional mathematics education prioritizes content transmission, often overlooking the intricate ways students’ reasoning and understanding are constructed. This research perspective proposes Integrating Student Reasoning and Mathematics in Instruction (ISRMI) as a novel approach that centers student thinking, integrating it seamlessly with formal mathematical concepts and procedures. ISRMI emphasizes tasks promoting explanation and justification, enabling educators to uncover and build upon existing student reasoning patterns. By challenging teacher-centered knowledge transfer, ISRMI empowers students to apply reasoning skills to solve problems, ultimately fostering deeper conceptual understanding and motivation in learning mathematics. While potential challenges lie in teacher training, curriculum design, and assessment of student reasoning, the potential benefits of improved problem-solving, engagement, and critical thinking skills necessitate further exploration and development of effective ISRMI implementation strategies. Design/Methodology/Approach: The research questions of this study are pursued using a systematic research analysis. We stress the importance of advancing research on integrating student reasoning and mathematics in instruction. We discuss many methods for incorporating student reasoning and mathematics into classroom instruction. We conducted this research by systematically searching and screening for relevant research articles through secondary sources and analyzing them to answer our scientific question. This research is a descriptive study. Secondary data was collected from various sources, such as magazines, journals, other publications, etc. This data was then analyzed and reviewed for inferences and conclusions. Findings/Result: Integrating student reasoning and mathematics in instruction can be the foundation for building a common locus between mathematics and reasoning abilities in educational practice.